![]() ![]() URTI (known as the common cold) is an exceedingly frequent infection characterized by nasal obstruction and discharge, cough, sore throat, with or without fever, decreased appetite and restless sleep. Viral Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (URTI) ![]() As more exanthems were described, numerical assignment became impractical. Thus the first was measles second, scarlet fever third, rubella forth, so-called Filatov-Dukes disease (no longer recognized as an entity) fifth, erythema infectiosum and sixth, exanthema subitum. Historically, exanthems were numbered in the order in which they were differentiated from other exanthems. More than 50 viral agents are known to cause a rash. Viral exanthems are common causes of febrile illness in children. In MCD, fever was the first symptom in children younger than 5 years and 94% developed fever at some point. Other febrile conditions cause diarrhoea and need to be differentiated.įever in CNS infection is the most common presenting symptom in children beyond the neonatal age owing to the presence of inflammatory mediators, particularly IL-1 and TNF in the blood or within the CNS. Fever is often absent or low-grade in other diseases (e.g. Shigella, Salmonella, Shiga toxin-producing E. High fever is commonly present in many bacterial causes (e.g. Bacterial infection such as acute rhinopharyngitis is uncommon and usually presents with either persistent symptoms of an URTI lasting over a week or worsening course after initial improvement or acute onset with high fever and inflammatory changes confined to the pharynx.įever is common in both bacterial and viral gastroenteritis. Influenza is the only viral infection preventable by vaccination and occurs predominately during annual winter epidemics. ![]() The infection is usually caused by viruses including rhinoviruses, influenza viruses, parainfluenza and respiratory syncytial viruses. Infection of the upper airways is very common and is the most common acute illness evaluated in the outpatient setting. ![]()
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